Ethical And Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal...

Article 4 Article 4 is Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles, many scientists referred to the three R’s. These principles encouraged researchers to work to cut down the figure of animals utilized in experiments to the minimum considered necessary, refine or limit the pain and distress to which animals are exposed, and replace the use of animals with non-animal alternatives when possible. The figure of animals utilized in research and testing has continued to increase, raising serious ethical and scientific publications. Furthermore, while the three R’s capture crucially important concepts, they do not adequately reflect the substantial developments in our new knowledge about the cognitive and emotional capabilities of animals, the individual interests of animals, or an updated understanding of the possible damage s linked to animal research. In addition, serious doubts of the strength of animal testing and research in predicting anticipated outcomes. The three R’s serve as the cornerstone for guidelines. Whether researchers, review panels, and funders fully and adequately implemented the three R’s, are the varying cultural perspectives around the situation of animals in order. For instance, the U.S. Animal Welfare Act excludes purpose-bred birds, rats, or mice, which contain more than 90% of animalsShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation, Ethics, And Ethics1703 Words   |  7 Pages Animal experimentation and Ethics -Tseten dolkar The practice of experimentation on live animals as known as vivisection is prevalent since the old roman days. In the name of Science, Animals are being mistreated, exploited and murdered worldwide. Animal are usedRead MoreResearch Ethics : Animal And Clinical Research1188 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Ethics: Animal and Clinical Research When it comes to clinical research, many people think of clinical trials, but that’s only merely a small portion of a process towards a medical development involving a process call bench to the bedside. Clinical research outline scientific investigation involving animal or human subjects helping translate basic research into new treatments that would be valuable to patients. Clinical trials can contain a variety of research under the departments of physiologyRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Testing Purposes?966 Words   |  4 PagesShould Animals Be Used for Testing Purposes? Testing on animals has always been a controversy often debated. Millions of animals are tested on each year to aid in the research and development of commercial and scientific products. Animals get tested on to ensure the safety of human use or consumption in anything from beauty products to medicine. Testing has enabled life-saving advancements in medicine; however it is no longer necessary to harm animals in the process of saving humans. Animal testingRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Ethics Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal ethics is a uniquely difficult undertaking because of the extensive amount of agents involved, the variety and need for classification of those agents, the nature of society, and, of course, humanity’s own natural bias due to both an intimate history with certain species and its position along the evolutionary tree. To truly answer Lana’s question regarding humanity’s proper role in respecting the rights of non-human animals, all natural human biases must be put aside. The most importantRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages About 19,500,000 animals in total are killed in scientific research every year. This means that about twenty percent of the animals tested on each year die, which may not seem like a large percentage; however, if it is taken into account that this happens to the same species in an endless cycle, the numbers can begin to build. Although, through this process of testing, many lifesaving medicines have been created for all types of animals including humans. So, the issue the world is experiencing rightRead MoreEthical Judgements Limit the Methods Available1400 Words   |  6 PagesMeanwhile the arts is a discipline in which we express both ethical and unethical ideas that are more subjective. Both areas of knowledge are affected by the ethical judgements that people make in the production and of knowledge. Ethical judgements are related to human moral values and they affect how people should or should not act (Dombrowski, 2007). Even though some may say that ethical judgments vary by subject, location and time, but all ethical judgments have to be by conscious choices. ThereforeRead MoreA Research Study On Nutrition And Treatment Of Blood Glucose1621 Words   |  7 Pagesgranted the amount of research, time, effort, and money that went into the development of medications or medical treatment. When someone reaches for the aspirin bottle to relieve a pounding headache or that lifesaving injection of insulin used daily to treat and manage levels of blood glucose are both the end results of long and costly research. Without research the awareness of vitamin deficiencies, treatments for cancer, organ transplantation, and vaccines for humans and animals would cease to existRead MoreThe Negatives of Animal Testing1027 Words   |  5 Pageshave been tested on animals; from lipstick and shampoo to dish soap and foot powder. Even the white ink on an MM has been tested on animals. To some, this statement may be alarming and even disturbing – to others it may not mean much at all. Either way, the debate over animal testing has gained much popularity in recent decades. Animal testing has been done since at least 500 BC; even Aristotle experimented on animals for scientific reasoning. Around 200 AD, dissecting animals in public was actuallyRead MoreAmerican Way Of Life ( Rudiger ) Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagesalthough somewhat controversial at the time, was met with fairly large support in 1945 with 85% of the US population agreeing with nuclear action. However, in polls redone in 2015, 56% of Americans still believed the bombings were justified (Pew Research 2015). On one side, this shift in public opinion demonstrates that 21st century Americans, not directly exposed to the various propaganda present during World War II, reconsidered the ethicality of atomic weapon use. However, the influences of WorldRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Wrong?1687 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of animals and respect them as equals on their shared territory. Animals are not treated as equals and therefore the animals are suffering from the harm that humans are infl icting on them through animal testing experimentation. These acts of animal experimentation have caused a decrease in the number of some species of animals, while others have broken several rights that animals have and are protected under The Animal Welfare Act. Animal experimentation is wrong because people use animals for beauty

The Four Body Types Of William H. Sheldon s Somatotyping

Review Questions 1. What are the four body types in William H. Sheldon’s somatotyping? Describe each body type and identify which one Sheldon believed was related to delinquency and crime. The four body types in William H Sheldon s somatotyping are endomorphs, mesomorphs, ectomorphs, and balanced individuals. Endomorphs are individuals who have a large stomach and are overweight. Mesomorphs are individuals who have a larger muscle mass and are athletic. Ectomorphs are individuals who are tall and frail. Balanced individuals are not overweight, too muscular, or too thin. Sheldon believed mesomorphs were most likely to be delinquents. 2. What personality types did Hans J. Eysenck believe were related to crime? Describe each†¦show more content†¦5. What is the M’Naughten Rule? How did this rule come into existence? The M Naugten rule was the first instance when the â€Å"not guilty by reason of insanity† was used in western cultures and is still used in some court rulings today. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Which theory discussed in the lesson do you think best explains why crime happens? Why do you think that this theory is best? I believe the theory that best explains why crime happens is the psychoanalytic perspective. I believe this is the best theory because it focuses more on the wants and acts of the criminal rather an their personality or lack of control. The psychoanalytic perspective more accurately describes a reason to why people commit crimes. Not all individuals could be identified from a personality trait or low levels of self control. Therefore, the psychoanalytic perspective would give the best explanation to why crime happens. 2. Do you think that individuals accused of crimes should be able to use an insanity defense? Why or why not? I do not believe that all individuals accused of a crime should be able to use an insanity defense because it would morally unjust. Some people who commit a crime do know what is happening and that is was wrong at the time of the cime. If the defense chooses to belive the criminal is insane then they should be given the substantial- capacity test to ensure that they did

Spinal Immobilisation Free Essays

Spinal Immobilisation: A Literature Review A review of the literature regarding spinal immobilisation has been undertaken using databases for PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, OVID and Cochrane EBM. Reviews were electronically searched using the subject headings â€Å"spinal injuries†, â€Å"spinal immobilisation† and â€Å"management of spinal injuries†. The results generated by the search were limited to English language articles and reviewed for relevance to the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Spinal Immobilisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of this literature review is to compare and contrast the views on spinal immobilisation and to achieve a better knowledge of evidence based practice. According to Chiles and Cooper (1996) spinal injury should always be suspected in patients with severe systemic trauma, patients with minor trauma who report spinal pain or have sensory or motor symptoms, and patients with an impaired level of consciousness after trauma. According to Caroline (2008) the primary goal of spinal immobilisation is to prevent further injuries. Good initial and acute management is crucial no matter the degree of damage (Sheerin and Gillick, 2004). The purpose of immobilisation in suspected spinal trauma is to maintain a neutral position and avoid displacement and secondary neurological injury (Vickery, 2001). Means of immobilisation include holding the head in the midline, log rolling the person, the use of backboards and special mattresses, cervical collars, sandbags and straps (Kwan, Bunn Roberts 2009). The Advanced Life Support Group supports the use of the long spinal board (backboard) for spinal immobilisation, despite knowledge of pressure problems and poor immobilisation in some patient groups. The spinal board was originally developed as an extrication device using its smooth surface to allow a person to be slid out of a vehicle. However, it is difficult to remove the patient from the board in the field and therefore the patient is most commonly transported to the A E department on the spinal board (Cooke, 1998). There is considerable variation in the best technique for pre-hospital cervical spine immobilisation (Vickery, 2001). Some have advised the use 1 to 1. 5 inches of padding under the head as standard, others have advised that judgement on the use of padding be based on visual inspection (Butman, McSwain McConnell, 1986). Conversely, several rauma texts recommend placing the patient directly against the spinal board (McSwain, 1989). In the United Kingdom, the vacuum mattress is predominately used by mountain rescue teams as it is believed to provide better overall protection of an injured casualty and is perceived to be safer and easier to transport over the terrain encountered in these situations (Herzenberg, Hensinger and Dederick, 1989). In a recent study by Luscombe and Williams (2002), it was sh own that the vacuum mattress prevents significantly more movement in the longitudinal and lateral planes when subjected to a gradual tilt. Perceived comfort levels are significantly better with the vacuum mattress that with the backboard. Chan, Goldburg Mason (1996) reviewed the use of the long spinal board and its association with pressure injury, unsatisfactory immobilisation and positioning, and the pain that it can cause (Chan, Goldburg Tascone, 1994). A study by Lovell and Evans (1994) indicated that while a casualty resides on a backboard it may possibly lead to pressure sores in those who have sustained injury to the spinal cord. The amount of time casualties remain on backboards can exacerbate the problems of pain and pressure. Ambulance journeys and waits in accident and emergency may be lengthy and there may be long distances involved in getting to hospital (Lerner Moscati, 2000). In addition to pressure injury and poor immobilisation, the backboard may be the cause of pain even in otherwise healthy patients, leading to unnecessary investigations, radiographs and potential ambiguity regarding the cause of pain (Chan, Goldburgh Mason, 1996). The evidence suggests that the backboard itself is not ideal and far from a gold standard. This has led to the suggestion that the backboard should not be the preferred surface for the transfer of patients with spinal injuries (Main Lovell, 1996). According to Vickery (2001) however, the spinal board is considered to be the gold standard for spinal immobilisation during the pre-hospital phase of trauma management. For some patients, effective spinal immobilisation is beneficial and can also be vital in preventing the devastating effects of cord damage however it has been suggested that for many the excessive use of this preventative measure may not be prudent or necessary. It has been estimated that over 50% of trauma patients with no complaint of neck or back pain were transported with full spinal immobilisation (McHugh Taylor 1998). Inappropriate spinal immobilisation may lead to patients experiencing unnecessary pain, skin ulceration, aspiration and respiratory compromise, which in turn may lead to further unnecessary procedures, a longer hospital stay which then incurs increasing costs to the National Health Service (Kwan, Bunn Roberts, 2001). Shooman Rushambuza (2009) report that immobilisation is a crucial part of the management of a trauma patient. They believe that if the mechanism of injury is uncertain, the patient should remain immobilised until further imaging even if there are no symptoms of spinal instability after log rolling. However, in a recent study by Pandie, Shepherd Lamont (2010) they concluded that on its own, standard immobilisation techniques appear to be inadequate to maintain the cervical spine in the neutral position. One argument for keeping the patient on a spinal board is that it facilitates an urgent turn should vomiting occur (Vickery 2001). Spinal immobilisation is used throughout the world however the clinical benefits of pre-hospital spinal immobilisation have been put under scrutiny. It has been argued that spinal cord damage is done at the time of impact and that subsequent movement is generally not sufficient to cause further damage (Hauswald, Ong, Tandberg Omar 1998). In contrast, in-line stabilisation of the neck, also termed ‘neutral alignment’, is usually enhanced by using immobilisation blocks and straps that fix the patient’s head and neck to a spinal board. In-line head and neck immobilisation is important during the transfer period to hospital and remains an important part of the care of the patient (Sheerin, 2005). Butler and Bates (2001), disagree with this and suggest that cervical collars are of no additional benefit to patients already immobilised using a long spine board with straps. In a recent report it was found that many patients brought to A E automatically had a cervical collar applied ‘as a precaution’. This usually means that the victim has been involved in an accident that could possible cause a cervical injury, although the patient shows no signs or symptoms of such an injury (Sexton, 1999). Immobilisation in suspected spinal trauma must be initiated at the scene of an accident and continued until unstable spinal injuries are ruled out. Adequacy of spinal immobilisation must be reviewed during the primary survey in the A E department (Vickery, 2001). Once the patient has reached A E, the spinal board should be removed as soon as possible once the patient is laterally transferred from the ambulance trolley onto an A E or resuscitation trolley (Vickery, 2001). The early removal of spinal boards and cervical collars is advocated by spinal units (Sexton, 1999). Complications associated with prolonged use of the spinal board include pressure ulcer development, pain and discomfort (Vickery, 2001). Vickery (2001) also suggests a partial solution would be recommended that the backboard should be removed as soon as possible after arrival in the A E department, ideally after the primary survey and resuscitation phases. Hickey (2003) agrees with this, it is vital that following initial assessment, the patient is removed from the spinal board. Porter and Allison (2003) support this by suggesting that the patient should be then transferred and nursed on an emergency trolley with head immobilisation and straps applied. This in turn should minimise the risk of pressure ulcer formation which is prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (Sheerin and Gillick, 2004). Vickery (2001) also suggests that where a spinal injury is suspected, prompt and safe removal of the spinal board is mandatory, these are patients that are at the greatest risk of developing pressure sores. Vickery (2001) continues to say that spinal board immobilisation on the board may be inadequate ending with tragic consequences. Observational studies in the US have shown that immobilisation by rigid collars may cause airway difficulties, increased intracranial pressure (Davies, Deakin Wilson, 1996), increased risk of aspiration (Butman, 1996), and skin ulceration (Hewitt, 1994). Caroline (2008) also suggests that complete spinal immobilisation is painful, especially over pressure points and can also be a cause of airway constriction which in turn creates an increased risk of aspiration. It has been reported that many trauma patients do not suffer from spinal instability and will not benefit from spinal immobilisation (Orledge, 1998). The value of routine pre-hospital spinal immobilisations are questionable due to any benefits of immobilisation being outweighed by the risks (Kwan, Bunn Roberts, 2009). Kwan, Bunn Roberts (2009) have already indicated that inappropriate immobilisation is contributing to the increasing budget of the NHS. Dimond (2001) agrees and claims that litigation claims are increasing against the NHS. Society is becoming less tolerant of mistakes or inadequate service and litigation claims are now becoming an accepted part of daily life (Vukmir, 2004). In contrast, a study in the USA has indicated that due to the fear of litigation, over five million patients receive spinal immobilisation every year (Orledge Pepe 1998). In this current media inclined era, media attention for high profile claims against the NHS organisations is at a high. Although most of the evidence in literature is regarding claims against hospital specialities, there have been few claims written about claims against the ambulance service (Hulbert, Riddle Longstaff 1996). However, there may be few documented claims against the ambulance service there have been a significant number of claims settled by ambulance trusts (Vukmir, 2004). In conclusion, there are many different points of views by many authors on the subject of spinal immobilisation. Many argue that the need to immobilise suspected head, neck and spinal trauma is a priority due to the potential life threatening incident. This way of thinking has been supported by many of the authors. Others however have stated that each incident needs to be individualised as the necessity of using spinal immobilisation is increasingly being inappropriately used. Methods of spinal immobilisation are also highly debatable, calling the clinical professional to use their own training and judgements when deciding how to transfer each individual patient. It was highlighted by many authors that it was necessary for patients to be removed from the spinal board as soon as possible when being cared for within the hospital setting as this reduces the possibilities of further trauma and pressure sores. It became quite clear when conducting this research that many health professionals are now very aware of the potential to become a target for the all too common blame culture that is so prevalent in today’s society. The fear of litigation may be the cause for the higher usage of spinal immobilisation although there is limited research at this time but within the next few years we may in fact see a rise in claims against the Ambulance Service. There is evidence that inappropriate and prolonged use of spinal immobilisation can be very detrimental to the patient’s welfare, there is a vast amount of research to suggest the need to use spinal immobilisation in most head, neck and spinal trauma. Effective and appropriate use of spinal immobilisation is best practice in all situations and should be used wisely and competently by a trained professional. How to cite Spinal Immobilisation, Papers

Work Skills and Employment Preferences †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Work Skills and Employment Preferences. Answer: Introduction: As a part of my career building, it is highly essential to evaluate all my personal skills. This highly essential that every individual is able to build upon their personal career depending upon individual talent and potential. The Gallup strengths is used as an essential tool to identify individual strength that can be used as a part of career building process. As an individual is able to identify their personal potential it is possible for them to utilise the same and work in the process of dealing with the career improvement. Hence, this process will help me to know myself better. This will help me to utilise all my strength, which is in the department of communication. It is important to mention in the context that communication is one of the essential skill that is needed in the present day workplace in order to improve personal chance of improvement. This is also highly essential to develop upon the leadership skill that can help me to improve upon the chance of career prospect. Few of the other of my Gallup strengths include the role of developer. Moreover, with the help of my communication skill it is possible for me to provide proper command to every workers. I also have the capability to adapt in every situation. This will help me to build upon my career in diverse kind of workplace environment. My ability to actively complete will definitely be helpful in the process of quick career development. Most of the individual who are successful in their respective workplace is mainly due to their capability to properly use their strength and overcome individual weaknesses. I do strongly agree upon the fact that proper evaluation of the strength can definitely help me to improve upon my self-confidence. It can also encourage me to take up on high level of challenges that are most likely to occur in the current day business scenarios. The principle of success in most of the occasions are properly defined by individual strengths. In the initial stage of career development, it was highly difficult for me to come up with the workforce challenge. However, as I am able to identify up on my strengths, I was able to bring about change within my personal career growth. Know Your Sector: It is important for me to properly identify all the skills that are required in my respective sector. Within the sector of networking, it is essential to properly communicate and understand the opinion of every other colleague. With wide range of personal network it will be also possible for me to deal with all kind of workplace challenges. In the context, of the current day business environment, more number of individual channels can definitely help in the process of dealing with all kind of professional challenges (Chung et al. 2015). Commercial awareness is I believe an essential part of developing workplace network. As I am able to improve upon my awareness level, it is possible for me to identify all my further potentials. These are also important in the context of getting the latest information related to the workplace. The career developing network is also necessary to improve upon chance to get better career development options of the future (Ebbers 2014) Let them know you It is highly important for me to make proper use of the educational degree at the workplace. This is in context with the fact that the knowledge and skill that I have inherited within the education degree program will help in the process of dealing with all kind of career challenges. The management skills set that is needed as a part of career building process will help within the process of understanding the specific requirement for each kind of task (Dymond et al. 2013). The communication skill need to be properly utilised in order to ensure that there is no misconceptions within the workplace related to the mission and vision of the task. With the help of communication skill, I can also send a clear message of my personal career development. Improved level of self-awareness can help me to make proper use of all personal strengths. I can also identify my personal weakness as I am able to communicate properly with all my working colleagues. It is also important to mention that theoretical degree program cannot be effective to deal with the practical challenges that I am a face within the workplace. Hence, with high level of personal Awareness it is highly possible to properly deal with all kinds of challenges of critical situation that are likely within the workplace. Reference Chung, H.F., Yang, Z. and Huang, P.H., 2015. How does organizational learning matter in strategic business performance? The contingency role of guanxi networking. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), pp.1216-1224. Dymond, S.K., Renzaglia, A. and Hutchins, M., 2014. Career development: An experiential model for developing basic work skills and employment preferences. The road ahead: Transition to adult life for persons with disabilities, pp.107-136. Ebbers, J.J., 2014. Networking behavior and contracting relationships among entrepreneurs in business incubators. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(5), pp.1159-1181.

A Report on FDI Strategic Plan for Baxtern Doll Construction Company

The Searchers essays

The Searchers essays The savage persona, the war paint, the feathers and the beating drums are just some of the stereotypical images and attributes associated with Native American culture. The casting of Native Americans into villainous roles of early film and television has perpetuated a false perception of Native Americans that is still tied to their culture today. For centuries, Native Americans have been defined by stereotypical perceptions of Indian culture. These preconceived notions of Native culture are amplified if not derived from, the racially biased portrayal of Native Americans in the mass media and film throughout history. Though some of the modern depictions of Native Americans today are more positive and historically accurate, Indian culture still carries the stigma of the stereotypes and images established in early film and media Since its release in 1956, John Ford's The Searchers has become one of the most controversial films in Hollywood history. At the center of the controversy is Ethan Edwards, played by John Wayne in what many consider his finest performance. Throughout the film Edwards pursues a band of Indians who killed his brother's family and captured the daughters, one of whom, Debbie (Natalie Wood), is still alive. After marauding Comanches kill his brother's family and kidnap their youngest daughter, bitter, morally ambiguous Civil War veteran Ethan Edwards sets forth on a desperate quest to find his niece, Debbie, and save her from the "savages." In tow, however, he has young Martin Pawley, the adoptive son of the dead family. Though the rest of Ethan's family was able to take Martin in and care for him, regardless of his bloodline, Ethan seems to be able to have no love in his heart for someone who is not completely white. Throughout the film, Ethan degrades Martin not only through his insults, but by trying to stop Martin from coming with him on the search. This can be demonstrated by when Ethan arranges for Martin to...

High Court Justices Use of Constitutional Principles Essay

High Court Justices Use of Constitutional Principles - Essay Example Therefore, any reasonable understanding of the fact that the freedom of political communication cannot be taken for personal rights leads not just to the stated conclusions. Contrary to that, the main reason, this underlies the freedom of political communication, needs coverage of a wide range of communication, is reliable to some level of concern for personal autonomy and calls for the subjection of the common law to the constitution in the same way the executive and the legislative action has been2. David Lange, the New Zealand prime minister, was featured as the subject of a report on the ABC, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, current affairs program. The four corners of they had alleged a report that the Labour Party of New Zealand and within the government had not been properly under the power of large business interest, due to the way the interests made large donations to the election campaigns in31987. David Lange was the prime minister of New Zealand at the specific time d escribed in the report. He contented many issues that the report did not contain true issues but all that was contained there was false. He rejected the information that was contained in the report that during the specific time: he as the prime minister, had permitted large business donors to commend government policy; he had allowed some public assets to be purchased by the donors while at the same time abused public office and was unfit to hold it. This is because he had permitted a debt incurred during his campaigns by his party to be written off4. The prime minister had been, according to the report, corrupt and deceitful. This is because he had accepted profits and goods of shares from a leading business to allow the business influence policies in favor of its interests5. In an agreed judgment, the court clarified the interaction between the defamation laws and the freedom of political communication and the connection of the freedom to state and the Commonwealth matters. The co urt pointed out that the freedom was not limited to the election periods but was instead held to be an on-going freedom. The freedom of political communication was therefore declared by the court as a functioning of a responsible and a democratic government.

Relationships between Critical Thinking & Ethics Essay

Relationships between Critical Thinking & Ethics - Essay Example These values are such as justice, wisdom, care, and compassion, which are lacking in the case of execution of prisoners in order to sell their body parts. Critical thinking enables individuals to make decisions based on verified information and truths. In the case of human organ selling, there is an apparent deviation in the act by the military through their brainwashing due to money. The military and Dr. Dye fail to identify the importance of life due to greed for money. In both cases, the military and the doctor failed to ensure the human right to life. Restricting to logical rules and guidelines will not require ethical decision-making process. Critical thinking determines ways of analyzing and differentiating facts from fiction or a way of understanding or making new discoveries (Ruggiero, 2011). Critical thinking influences culture that determines the way of life of a person through equipping one with a mental process of evaluation. The mental process forms a ground that determines the ethical standards. An inference that critical thinking forms the overall determination of moral values can be made. In the scenario considered, if the military, doctor, and the prospective customers did put considerable thought to the inhumanity of the business, they would not have been

Critical Evaluation of Bureaucracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical Evaluation of Bureaucracy - Essay Example The most recent developments to affect British Airways include the financial crisis that began in 2008. The reduced global business activity adversely affected the airlines industry. As a result, British Airways had to take steps to control its expenses while revenues were not expected to grow in the near future. In pursuit of such measures, British Airways announced 1700 job cuts for its UK cabin crew of 14,000. This measure was intended to reduce labour costs and increase profitability. However, the measure backfired and resulted in an industrial dispute with the cabin crew labour union Unite for almost two years. Most recently, the airlines has merged with Iberia Airlines and now operates under the parent company of International Airlines Group. This illustrates the increasing trend towards privatization in the airlines industry. Critical issues in the environment have increased the challenges for British Airways. The terrorist attacks of September 2001 created a fear of air travel worldwide and airlines suffered as a result. British Airways being the national carrier of the United Kingdom also suffered. In addition, since 2008, the costs of jet fuel has been volatile, increasing the cost of operations for British Airways. Smaller, smaller budget airlines entered the industry and exploited the needs of the budget travelers. By offering more flexible no-frills services, they catered to the need of the consumers for prompt and flexible service as opposed to the bureaucratic procedures.

Developing and improving environmental problems

Developing and improving environmental problems Environmental problems are always on the agenda when it comes to developing new and improved ways to â€Å"fix† the concerns the general public holds towards the current environment. New technology and new sources of clean energy, fuel, and water are the challenges being embraced by new, young, and exciting companies. The thinking of these companies is that new technology is the focus that is needed to bring about environmental change. The portfolios of these fledgling companies are growing, and the dreams of these energetic companies will soon become reality as the plans come from the drawing boards to commercialisation. Young entrepreneurs are being made millionaires virtually overnight and Australia is seeing a rise in its superannuation funds giving the impression that Australia is definitely not in a cash shortage. This growth, as well as sustained resources, has built the Australian superannuation economy to nearly $1.2 trillion with just 2 percent of these funds represented by venture capitalists. With the prospect of new technology comes the expansion of the Australian venture capital which is currently worth around $65 million a year. Government policies, along with consumer demand and environmental pressures, have brought about the growth in these technological companies which has now attracted 13 percent more venture capitalists. This gives us the impression that the clean technology boom is matching that of the 1990s Dotcom boom. With clean technology being compared to the Dotcom boom, key differences are highlighted by the promise of spectacular returns on high-risk investments. The Dotcom boom was in fact a very promising enterprise (on paper) with many of its success stories still showing profit. However, there are those that did lose out when the saturation of the market forced company profits down. Unlike the Dotcom boom, clean technology is seen as an ever constant need for the solution to environmental problems. With the current government regulations on offer there is no shortage of assistance giving the clean technology companies the range in which to work and the support needed to get the ideas from the drawing board to the consumer market. The key here is to have somewhat of a balance between environmental responsibility and producing creative solutions. This gives way for any rival ideas to be brought forward with each environmental problem. The silicon that is used to generate decentralised electricity is currently expensive and while silicon companies are conducting ways to cut this cost, other companies such as electricity companies are looking for ways to reduce consumers electricity expenses by using cheaper materials that in fact perform the same function. Government and venture capitalists funds as well as the initial public offering of more than $1 billion has helped lead the way for this clean technology venture and to date there is currently only five specialists in this field to ensure its steady growth. Australians are definitely unique in their way of thinking. What might seem like mere common sense ideas are in fact solutions to problems. Distribution networks and climatic conditions give way to an endless supply of ideas that make way for the clean technology sector. Australia has launched its first wholesale carbon fund with the idea of raising $250 million from wholesale investors. Fifty percent of The ArkX fund is to be invested into global renewable energy with 25 percent in Clean Development Mechanism, 20 percent in trading European Union carbon credits, and the last 5 percent being invested in high-risk projects in Australia. Around 70 dedicated carbon funds currently operate globally with some of these funds returning a 24.7 percent profit to date. With the environment in turmoil, the need for clean technology increases and while there are always going to be some companies that will benefit from technological advances there will unfortunately be those that dwindle. The biggest irony in the environment dilemma is the fact that technology was the instigator of the current problems and now seems to be the only thing that can relieve the situation. Bearing this in mind, the real winners in this matter will undoubtedly be the environment and indeed the general public.

Pigeon Forge :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Pigeon Forge The Pigeon Forge area attracts students because of the entertainment choices and location. Teenagers enjoy Pigeon Forge because of the shopping, restaurants, and tourist attractions. It is a getaway from their hometown with plenty of choices of things to do. There are outlet malls that sell a variety of clothing. A few of the attractions located in this area are race tracks, bungee jumping, indoor skydiving, and put-put. Families with young children will be able to do a limited amount of outside tourist activities, but instead might opt to shop within some of the popular outlet malls. The attractions with a minimum age or height requirement are for families with older children that can participate and for teenagers and young adults. Pigeon Forge is a tourist attraction for people on different budgets with different interests. Pigeon Forge is a well-known tourist area with shopping, entertainment attractions, and restaurants set in the Smoky Mountains. Its location is 80 miles from Johnson City and thirty miles from Knoxville. From Knoxville go towards Ashville on the 181 north interstate and take Exit 407 to Sevierville; from Johnson City take highway 181 South towards Knoxville and take the same exit (approximately one hour from Johnson City, and twenty to thirty minutes from Knoxville). First time visitors to the area should try to plan on spending a few days, if you have the time and money. There are many attractions in this area, and depending on your interests you can plan a trip that is worthwhile and fun Pigeon Forge is a shopper’s paradise, with a wide array of merchandise. This area hosts several outlet malls filled with plenty of shops each. The Red Roof Mall and the Tanger Outlet Mall are two of the popular outlets. The outlet malls all sell different types of merchandise, mostly name brand clothing. A few of the name brands that are found in the outlets are J. Crew, Old Navy, Fossil, and American Outpost. There are also shops that are individually owned that sell Pigeon Forge memorabilia. Other shops will spray paint tee shirts and license plates to the customer’s specifications. Pigeon Forge hosts a variety of shops where most name brand products can be found, with the convenience of being located on one main road. Dollywood is an entertainment park that has rides for children and adults, within a town like atmosphere. The park is not just for children, adults will enjoy it also.